常见问题解答
如果您需要 Unraid OS 的帮助,您有几种支持选项:
- Unraid 论坛: 一般支持, 强迫性设计
- 官方文档: Unraid 文档
- Discord: Unraid Discord 社区
- 支持门户: Unraid 支持
目录
组装与硬件
I need help with a build or system configuration. Where do I go?
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有关构建或升级Unraid服务器的指导,请访问强迫性设计论坛或加入Unraid Discord。社区活跃,可以帮助各种经验水平的您。
What controllers are recommended for Unraid?
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What's the best way to add more storage if my built-in controller is full?
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Unraid allows for the expansion of storage across multiple controllers. You can add a compatible HBA (as mentioned above). Ensure the controller operates in standard HBA (non-RAID) mode and supports AHCI/SATA. Avoid using RAID-only cards, as Unraid requires direct disk access for parity and monitoring.
Does Unraid have an allocation feature that remembers bad sectors on drives to prevent writes to them?
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Unraid utilizes SMART data from your drives to monitor their health and detect issues such as bad sectors. SMART is built into modern hard drives and SSDs, tracking attributes such as reallocated and pending sectors.
While Unraid doesn't have a specific allocation feature to avoid bad sectors, it does use SMART data to notify you if a drive displays signs of failure or has an increasing number of bad sectors. This information can be found in the WebGUI under the drive's health status and SMART attributes.
如果某个驱动器显示出高计数的重新分配或未决扇区,建议及时更换以防止数据丢失。
If you're uncertain about a drive's health, you can share your SMART data in the General Support forum for assistance from the community.
操作系统与配置
Can I use a HASP key within a VM on Unraid? How does that work with multiple VMs?
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If your HASP key is a USB dongle, you can assign it to only one VM at a time. Note that two VMs cannot use the same key simultaneously. You might need to pass through an entire USB controller for better compatibility. Always run tests with a Trial license to confirm that your hardware performs as expected.
My USB flash has failed, and I don't have a backup. How do I restore my configuration?
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如果您启用了Unraid Connect用于闪存备份,您可以使用它进行恢复。如果没有,请购买一个新的高质量闪存驱动器,安装Unraid并使用您通过电子邮件收到的注册码。按原始分配重新分配您的驱动器。如无法回忆起分配,请在General Support论坛寻求帮助。
What should I do if I have forgotten my root password?
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请参考 重置您的密码。
如果您使用加密驱动器并忘记加密密码,无法恢复数据 - 没有后门。
How do I completely start Unraid OS from scratch? (Factory reset procedure)
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- 备份任何你希望保留的数据。
- 停止array并关闭服务器。
- 移除 USB 闪存设备。
- 使用 Unraid USB Flash Creator 工具重新格式化和重新安装 Unraid 到闪存驱动器。
- 重新插入闪存设备并启动服务器。
- 在 WebGUI 中打开终端并运行
lsblk
列出现有驱动器(不包括闪存)。 - 清除每个数据驱动器上的现有文件系统:
此步骤将永久删除指定驱动器上的所有数据,并且无法撤销!
- 在继续之前,确保您已经备份所需的任何数据
- Double-check the device identifier in the WebGUI or with
lsblk
before running this command - 确保您锁定了正确的驱动器 - 错误驱动器的数据损失无法恢复
对于每个数据驱动器,运行:
wipefs /dev/sdX
将X
替换为正确的驱动器字母(例如:sda、sdb、sdc)
- 继续正常的 Unraid 设置和配置。
How do I change the hostname of my server?
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To change your Unraid server's hostname, navigate the WebGUI to Settings → System Settings → Identification.
更改主机名的影响:
- 新主机名将用于网络标识(例如,通过
http://newname
访问)。 - 您可能需要重新连接任何使用新主机名的映射网络驱动器或快捷方式。
- 某些设备或服务可能缓存旧名称;可能需要完全重新启动设备以识别新名称。
My flash drive is reporting an invalid GUID. What do I do?
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Unraid requires a USB flash device with a unique hardware GUID (serial number). Some manufacturers may reuse GUIDs or use generic values, making these drives incompatible with each other.
经过实地测试的品牌:
-
三星 FIT Plus / Bar Plus
-
金士顿 DataTraveler Exodia
-
雷克沙 JumpDrive M45
-
PNY Elite-X (除非您可以确认唯一的GUID,否则请避免使用较新的SanDisk Ultra Fit/Cruzer型号。)
It's best to avoid generic or unbranded drives, SSDs, USB card readers, and SD card adapters, as these often lack unique GUIDs and may not be supported for booting Unraid.
虚拟化与设备
Whenever I shut down my Windows VM with an AMD GPU assigned, it fails to restart. What can I do?
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许多AMD GPUs在功能级别重置时会出现问题,导致此问题。解决方法包括在关闭Windows之前从中弹出GPU,或者使用通常不出现此问题的NVIDIA GPU。
How do I pass through my primary GPU to a VM if my CPU has no integrated graphics?
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这可以实现,但需要额外步骤 。查看SpaceInvaderOne的视频指南以获取正确操作的详细说明。
存储 & RAID
Does Unraid support various RAID types such as RAID1/5/6/10?
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Unraid features a unique storage architecture that distinguishes it from traditional RAID systems. Here's a comparison of different storage options:
特性 / 能力 | Unraid parity array (md) | BTRFS pool (cache) | ZFS pool (7.x+) | 传统 RAID 1/RAID 5/RAID 6/RAID 10 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Parity / 冗余模型 | Dedicated parity disk(s) | 通过 BTRFS 的软件 RAID 1/RAID 10/RAID 5/RAID 6 | RAID 1-Z1/Z2/Z3 或镜像 | 条带化 parity (RAID 5/RAID 6) 或镜像 (RAID 10) |
数据条带化 | 否 | 是(除RAID 1外) | 是 | 是 |
磁盘大小灵活性 | 任意尺寸混合 | 最适合相似尺寸 | Best when similar per vdev | 需要匹配尺寸 |
一次扩展一块磁盘 | 是 | 是(添加或替换设备) | Yes (per vdev*) | 通常否 |
每个磁盘的文件系统 | 是 | 否 | 否 | 否 |
单磁盘读取速度 | 本地磁盘速度 | 聚合(多磁盘) | 聚合(多磁盘) | 聚合 |
重建期间写入劣化 | 最小(仅失效驱动器) | 视级别而定 | Depends on vdev layout | 显著 |
Bit rot 检测 | 可选 (BTRFS/ZFS checksum) | ✅ 内置 | ✅ 端到端 %%checksum | checksum%%s |
Snapshot / 发送-接收 | ❌ | ✅ (%%BTRFS | btrfs%%) | ✅ 本地 |
推荐生产使用 | 一般媒体存储 | RAID 1/RAID 10 (避免 RAID 5/RAID 6)** | ✅ 所有级别稳定 | Enterprise arrays |
* ZFS vdevs 必须通过更换 vdev 中的 所有 驱动器或添加新的 vdev 来进行扩展。
* BTRFS RAID 5/RAID 6 上游仍然标记为“实验性”;使用时请小心。
- Unraid parity array 非常适合增量扩展,允许不匹配的驱动器大小并且重建压力较小。
- ZFS pools (available in 7.x) provide enterprise-class redundancy, snapshots, and checksums, making them ideal for VMs and databases.
- BTRFS pools excel for fast SSD caches, especially in mirrored RAID 1/RAID 10 mode.
- 传统硬件 RAID 卡_不是_必要的;你可以使用简单的 HBA 让 Unraid 直接管理驱动器。
I currently have an array of devices formatted with an MBR-style partition table and want to convert to GPT. How do I do that?
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Why convert from MBR to GPT?
MBR (Master Boot Record) partitioning supports disks up to 2TB and only allows a maximum of four primary partitions. On the other hand, GPT (GUID Partition Table) can handle much larger disks and nearly unlimited partitions. Converting to GPT is advisable if you work with larger drives or want better partition management.:::重要[使用 维护模式]
Before starting the conversion process, put your array into Maintenance Mode. This step ensures no writes occur during the conversion, protecting your data.
:::
转换过程
- 确保您有一个有效的parity和一个最新的闪存驱动器备份。
- 从主标签页进入维护模式。
- 首先替换并重建您的parity驱动器。
- 一次替换每个数据驱动器,并在每次更换后重建array。
- 新的驱动器将根据其大小被格式化为适当的分区样式:
- 2TB或更小:使用MBR分区
- 大于2TB:使用GPT分区
- 在所有驱动器更换并重建后,退出维护模式。
此过程在更改分区格式时保证您的数据安全。
:::注释[附加备注]
-
分区是自动的:Unraid 会根据磁盘大小自动选择分区类型:
- 2TB或更小:始终使用MBR分区
- 大于2TB:始终使用GPT分区
-
从 Unraid OS 6.9 开始,分区 1 对旋转设备从 32KiB 开始,对非旋转设备从 1MiB 开始,无论分区类型。
-
在开始此转换过程之前,请始终备份闪存驱动器。
:::
网络
Is there any way to disable the br0 bridge?
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Yes. The br0 bridge is a Linux network bridge allowing Docker containers and VMs to connect directly to your local area network (LAN) with their IP addresses. It acts as a virtual network switch that connects your physical network interface to the virtual interfaces used by containers and VMs.
禁用br0意味着虚拟机和Docker容器将无法直接访问LAN,并可能失去一些高级网络功能。
I can't seem to connect to the WebGUI using http://tower
or http://tower.local
. What do I do?
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If you're having trouble connecting to the WebGUI by hostname, the issue might be with your local DNS not resolving the server name. Instead, try connecting directly using the IP address.
如何找到服务器的IP地址:
- 检查您的路由器或交换机的 DHCP 客户端列表,查找标记为“Tower”或类似名称的设备。
- 如果您在创建闪存时分配了静态 IP,请使用该地址。
- 插上显示器和键盘到您的服务器;IP 地址将在本地控制台启动后显示。
该问题的常见原因:
- 您的计算机和服务器可能在不同的子网或 VLAN 上。
- 您的路由器可能不支持本地主机名解析。
- Unraid 服务器可能未连接到网络或网络配置错误。
- 防火墙或安全软件可能阻止了访问。
如果您仍然无法连接,尝试重启服务器和网络设备,确保所有电缆牢固连接。
安装
I can't get the USB flash creator to install Unraid on my flash device. What do I do?
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如果USB闪存创建工具对您的系统或闪存驱动器不起作用,您可以利用手动安装方法准备您的Unraid启动设备。
I need to configure my system to boot using UEFI. How do I do this?
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I'm having issues using my web browser with the WebGUI. What can I do?
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If you're encountering display or functionality issues with the WebGUI, consider the following:
-
Ad-blockers and content blockers: These browser extensions may interfere with the WebGUI. Try adding your Unraid server to your ad-blocker's whitelist or disabling the blocker for your server's address.
-
**浏览器扩展:**某些扩展可能会阻止脚本或更改页面内容。禁用扩展或尝试使用隐私/无痕窗口。
-
Outdated browsers: Ensure you use a modern, up-to-date browser (like Chrome, Firefox, or Edge). Older browsers may not fully support the WebGUI.
-
缓存问题: 清除浏览器缓存或尝试进行硬刷新(Ctrl+F5 或 Cmd+Shift+R)。
-
**网络问题:**确保您的计算机和服务器连接到同一网络和子网。
If problems persist, try accessing the WebGUI from another browser or device.
How do I extend my Unraid trial?
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If you need more time with your 30-day free trial of Unraid, you can extend it. Once your original trial expires, stop the array and go to the Registration page. You should see a button that allows you to request a 15-day extension. You can do this twice for a total of 60 days before you need to purchase a license.
您必须使用相同的USB闪存设备继续试用。更换闪存设备将需要从头开始新的试用。